June 2023 - ILUG-D - lists.fsci.in

Fwd: Debian 12 "bookworm" released
by Nilesh Patra 11 Jun '23

11 Jun '23

\o/ -------- Forwarded Message -------- Subject: Debian 12 "bookworm" released Resent-Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2023 23:56:38 +0000 (UTC) Resent-From: debian-announce(a)lists.debian.org Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2023 19:56:04 -0400 From: Donald Norwood <donald(a)debian.org> Organization: Debian To: debian-announce(a)lists.debian.org ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Debian Project https://www.debian.org/ Debian 12 "bookworm" released press(a)debian.org June 10th, 2023 https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230610 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ After 1 year, 9 months, and 28 days of development, the Debian project is proud to present its new stable version 12 (code name "bookworm"). "bookworm" will be supported for the next 5 years thanks to the combined work of the Debian Security team [1] and the Debian Long Term Support [2] team. 1: https://security-team.debian.org/ 2: https://wiki.debian.org/LTS Following the 2022 General Resolution about non-free firmware [3], we have introduced a new archive area making it possible to separate non- free firmware from the other non-free packages: non-free-firmware Most non-free firmware packages have been moved from non-free to non-free- firmware. This separation makes it possible to build a variety of official installation images. 3: https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/vote_003 Debian 12 "bookworm" ships with several desktop environments, such as: * Gnome 43, * KDE Plasma 5.27, * LXDE 11, * LXQt 1.2.0, * MATE 1.26, * Xfce 4.18 This release contains over 11,089 new packages for a total count of 64,419 packages, while over 6,296 packages have been removed as "obsolete". 43,254 packages were updated in this release. The overall disk usage for "bookworm" is 365,016,420 kB (365 GB), and is made up of 1,341,564,204 lines of code. "bookworm" has more translated man pages than ever thanks to our translators who have made man-pages available in multiple languages such as: Czech, Danish, Greek, Finnish, Indonesian, Macedonian, Norwegian (Bokmål), Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese. All of the systemd man pages are now completely available in German. The Debian Med Blend introduces a new package: shiny-server which simplifies scientific web applications using R. We have kept to our efforts of providing Continuous Integration support for Debian Med team packages. Install the metapackages at version 3.8.x for Debian bookworm. The Debian Astro Blend continues to provide a one-stop solution for professional astronomers, enthusiasts, and hobbyists with updates to almost all versions of the software packages in the blend. astap and planetary-system-stacker help with image stacking and astrometry resolution. openvlbi, the open source correlator, is now included. Support for Secure Boot on ARM64 has been reintroduced: users of UEFI- capable ARM64 hardware can boot with Secure Boot mode enabled to take full advantage of the security feature. Debian 12 "bookworm" includes numerous updated software packages (over 67% of all packages from the previous release), such as: Apache 2.4.57 BIND DNS Server 9.18 Cryptsetup 2.6 Dovecot MTA 2.3.19 Emacs 28.2 Exim (default email server) 4.96 GIMP 2.10.34 GNU Compiler Collection 12.2 GnuPG 2.2.40 Inkscape 1.2.2 The GNU C Library 2.36 lighthttpd 1.4.69 LibreOffice 7.4 Linux kernel 6.1 series LLVM/Clang toolchain 13.0.1, 14.0 (default), and 15.0.6 MariaDB 10.11 Nginx 1.22 OpenJDK 17 OpenLDAP 2.5.13 OpenSSH 9.2p1 Perl 5.36 PHP 8.2 Postfix MTA 3.7 PostgreSQL 15 Python 3, 3.11.2 Rustc 1.63 Samba 4.17 systemd 252 Vim 9.0 With this broad selection of packages and its traditional wide architecture support, Debian once again stays true to its goal of being "The Universal Operating System". It is suitable for many different use cases: from desktop systems to netbooks; from development servers to cluster systems; and for database, web, and storage servers. At the same time, additional quality assurance efforts like automatic installation and upgrade tests for all packages in Debian's archive ensure that "bookworm" fulfills the high expectations that users have of a stable Debian release. A total of nine architectures are officially supported for "bookworm" : 32-bit PC (i386) and 64-bit PC (amd64), 64-bit ARM (arm64), ARM EABI (armel), ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf), little-endian MIPS (mipsel), 64-bit little-endian MIPS (mips64el), 64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el), IBM System z (s390x) 32-bit PC (i386) no longer covers any i586 processor; the new minimum processor requirement is i686. If your machine is not compatible with this requirement, it is recommended that you stay with bullseye for the remainder of its support cycle. The Debian Cloud team publishes "bookworm" for several cloud computing services: Amazon EC2 (amd64 and arm64), Microsoft Azure (amd64), OpenStack (generic) (amd64, arm64, ppc64el), GenericCloud (arm64, amd64), NoCloud (amd64, arm64, ppc64el) The genericcloud image should be able to run in any virtualised environment, and there is also a nocloud image which is useful for testing the build process. GRUB packages will by default no longer run os-prober for other operating systems. [4] 4: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information… Between releases, the Technical Committee resolved that Debian "bookworm" should support only the merged-usr root filesystem layout [5], dropping support for the non-merged-usr layout. For systems installed as buster or bullseye there will be no changes to the filesystem; however, systems using the older layout will be converted during the upgrade. 5: https://www.debian.org/UsrMerge If you simply want to try Debian 12 "bookworm" without installing it, you can use one of the available live images [6] which load and run the complete operating system in a read-only state via your computer's memory. 6: https://www.debian.org/CD/live/ These live images are provided for the amd64 and i386 architectures and are available for DVDs, USB sticks, and netboot setups. The user can choose among different desktop environments to try: GNOME, KDE Plasma, LXDE, LXQt, MATE, and Xfce. Debian Live "bookworm" has a standard live image, so it is also possible to try a base Debian system without any of the graphical user interfaces. Should you enjoy the operating system you have the option of installing from the live image onto your computer's hard disk. The live image includes the Calamares independent installer as well as the standard Debian Installer. More information is available in the release notes [7] and the live install images [8] sections of the Debian website. 7: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/releasenotes 8: https://www.debian.org/CD/live/ To install Debian 12 "bookworm" directly onto your computer's storage device you can choose from a variety of installation media types to Download [9] such as: Blu-ray Disc, DVD, CD, USB stick, or via a network connection. See the Installation Guide [10] for more details. 9: https://www.debian.org/download 10: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/installmanual Debian can now be installed in 78 languages, with most of them available in both text-based and graphical user interfaces. The installation images may be downloaded right now via bittorrent [11] (the recommended method), jigdo [12], or HTTP [13]; see Debian on CDs [14] for further information. "bookworm" will soon be available on physical DVD, CD-ROM, and Blu-ray Discs from numerous vendors [15] too. 11: https://www.debian.org/CD/torrent-cd/ 12: https://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd/#which 13: https://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp/ 14: https://www.debian.org/CD/ 15: https://www.debian.org/CD/vendors Upgrades to Debian 12 "bookworm" from the previous release, Debian 11 "bullseye", are automatically handled by the APT package management tool for most configurations. Before upgrading your system, it is strongly recommended that you make a full backup, or at least back up any data or configuration information you can't afford to lose. The upgrade tools and process are quite reliable, but a hardware failure in the middle of an upgrade could result in a severely damaged system. The main things you'll want to back up are the contents of /etc, /var/lib/dpkg, /var/lib/apt/extended_states and the output of: $ dpkg --get-selections '*' # (the quotes are important) We welcome any information from users related to the upgrade from "bullseye" to "bookworm". Please share information by filing a bug in the Debian bug tracking system [16] using the upgrade-reports package with your results. 16: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-about.en.ht… There has been a lot of development to the Debian Installer resulting in improved hardware support and other features such as fixes to graphical support on UTM, fixes to the GRUB font loader, removing the long wait at the end of the installation process, and fixes to the detection of BIOS- bootable systems. This version of the Debian Installer may enable non- free-firmware where needed. The ntp package has been replaced with the ntpsec package, with the default system clock service now being systemd-timesyncd; there is also support for chrony and openntpd. As non-free firmware has been moved to its own component in the archive [17], if you have non-free firmware installed it is recommended to add non-free-firmware to your APT sources-list. 17: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information… It is advisable to remove bullseye-backports entries from APT source- list files before the upgrade; after the upgrade consider adding bookworm-backports. For "bookworm", the security suite is named bookworm-security; users should adapt their APT source-list files accordingly when upgrading. If your APT configuration also involves pinning or APT::Default-Release, it is likely to require adjustments to allow the upgrade of packages to the new stable release. Please consider disabling APT pinning [18]. 18: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.e… The OpenLDAP 2.5 upgrade includes some incompatible changes which may require manual intervention [19]. Depending on configuration the slapd service may remain stopped after the upgrade until new configuration updates are completed. 19: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information… The new systemd-resolved package will not be installed automatically on upgrades as it has been split into a separate package [20]. If using the systemd-resolved system service, please install the new package manually after the upgrade, and note that until it has been installed, DNS resolution may no longer work as the service will not be present on the system. 20: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information… There are some changes to system logging [21]; the rsyslog package is no longer needed on most systems, and is not installed by default. Users may change to journalctl or use the new "high precision timestamps" that rsyslog now uses. 21: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information… Possible issues during the upgrade [22] include Conflicts or Pre-Depends loops which can be solved by removing and eliminating some packages or forcing the re-installation of other packages. Additional concerns are "Could not perform immediate configuration..." errors for which one will need to keep both "bullseye" (that was just removed) and "bookworm" (that was just added) in the APT source-list file, and File Conflicts which may require one to forcibly remove packages. As mentioned, backing the system up is the key to a smooth upgrade should any untoward errors occur. 22: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.e… There are some packages where Debian cannot promise to provide minimal backports for security issues. Please see the Limitations in security support [23]. 23: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information… As always, Debian systems may be upgraded painlessly, in place, without any forced downtime, but it is strongly recommended to read the release notes [24] as well as the installation guide [25] for possible issues, and for detailed instructions on installing and upgrading. The release notes will be further improved and translated to additional languages in the weeks after the release. 24: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/releasenotes 25: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/installmanual About Debian ------------ Debian is a free operating system, developed by thousands of volunteers from all over the world who collaborate via the Internet. The Debian project's key strengths are its volunteer base, its dedication to the Debian Social Contract and Free Software, and its commitment to provide the best operating system possible. This new release is another important step in that direction. Contact Information ------------------- For further information, please visit the Debian web pages at https://www.debian.org/ or send mail to <press(a)debian.org>.

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1D1C - semanage
by Dhanasekar 11 Jun '23

11 Jun '23

semanage - SELinux Policy Management tool is used to configure certain elements of SELinux policy without requiring modification to or recompilation from policy sources To view the help options # semanage -h To list all ports # semanage port -l To list ports context of http semanage port -l | grep http To list all the Booleans in the current SELinux policy # semanage boolean -l To change the Boolean # semanage boolean -m --off sshd or # semanage boolean -m --on sshd regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - sestatus
by Dhanasekar 10 Jun '23

10 Jun '23

sestatus - it is used to get the status of a system running SELinux. To see the SELinux status without any option # sestatus To display the current status of the booleans # sestatus -b To Display the contexts of files and processes listed in /etc/sestatus.conf # sestatus -v regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - zdump
by Dhanasekar 09 Jun '23

09 Jun '23

zdump - it is used to print the current time in each timezone named on the command line To print the current time in the specified zone $ zdump india $ zdump Japan $ zdump Asia/Kolkata To print verbose output $ zdump -v india To print help options $ zdump --help To print verbose time zone information for zones with verbose output stopping near the start of the year 2030 $ zdump -v -c 2030 japan $ zdump -v -c 2030 india regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - ypdomainname
by Dhanasekar 08 Jun '23

08 Jun '23

ypdomainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name To print alias names $ ypdomainname -a To display all long host names (FQDNs) $ ypdomainname -A To display ypdomainname $ ypdomainname -yp To print all addresses for the host $ ypdomainname -I To print short host name $ ypdomainname -s To print addresses for the host name $ ypdomainname -i To print help options $ ypdomainname -h regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - youtube-dl
by Dhanasekar 07 Jun '23

07 Jun '23

youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms To download youtube videos $ youtube-dl https://url_to_download To update Youtube-dl $ sudo youtube-dl -U To download video or playlist with a custom name $ sudo youtube-dl -U 'my custom name videos' https://www.youtube.com/url $ youtube-dl -o '~/Downloads/my custom name videos' https://www.youtube.com/url $ youtube-dl -o '%(title)s by %(uploader)s on %(upload_date)s in %(playlist)s.%(ext)s' https://www.youtube.com/url To download multiple videos $ youtube-dl <url1> <url2> <url3> To download from a file $ cat url.txt <url1> <url2> <url3> <url4> $ youtube-dl -a url.txt To download audio-only from a video $ youtube-dl -x https://www.youtube.com/url To download mp3 formats $ youtube-dl -x --audio-format mp3 https://www.youtube.com/url To download video with description, metadata, annotations, subtitles and thumbnail $ youtube-dl --write-description --write-info-json --write-annotations --write-sub --write-thumbnail https://www.youtube.com/url To List all available formats of video or playlist $ youtube-dl --list-formats https://www.youtube.com/url $ youtube-dl -F https://www.youtube.com/url To display the size of YouTube videos $ youtube-dl -F https://www.youtube.com/url To Download videos in your preferred format, say for example MP4 $ youtube-dl -f mp4 https://www.youtube.com/url To Set size limit for videos $ youtube-dl --min-filesize 200M <youtube_url> $ youtube-dl --max-filesize 1000M <youtube_url> To Set download speed limit $ youtube-dl -r 100K <url> To resume downloads $ youtube-dl -c <url> To display help options $ youtube-dl --help regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - yes
by Dhanasekar 06 Jun '23

06 Jun '23

yes - output a string repeatedly until killed Yes command without any options $ yes To repeatedly generate any message $ yes This is linux To install packages without having to press “y” using pipe $ yes | apt install <package_name> $ yes | yes | yum install <package_name> To make yes command outputs "yes" in a constant stream to the rm -i command $ yes | rm -i *.txt To make yes command outputs "n" in a constant stream to the rm -i command $ yes n | rm -i *.txt regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - xz
by Dhanasekar 05 Jun '23

05 Jun '23

xz - is a new general-purpose, command line data compression utility, similar to gzip and bzip2 To compress a file with xz $ xz -z file.iso To decompress a file $ xz -d file.iso.xz $ unxz file.iso.xz To prevent deleting of the input file $ xz -k file.iso To force overwrite of output file and (de)compress links $ xz -kf file.iso To make fast compression $ xz --fast file.iso To make best compression( highest compression) $ xz --best file.iso To set a memory usage limit for compression $ xz -k --best --memlimit-compress=15% file.iso To run in quiet mode $ xz -k -qv file.iso To test compressed file integrity $ xz -t file.iso.xz To list information about .xz files $ xz -l file.iso.xz regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - xkill
by Dhanasekar 04 Jun '23

04 Jun '23

xkill - kill a client by its X resource To kill the open window $ xkill To exit from the xkill command ^C To get list of open windows $ xlsclients regards, T.Dhanasekar

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1D1C - xclock
by Dhanasekar 03 Jun '23

03 Jun '23

xclock - analog / digital clock for X To display analog clock $ xclock To display digital clock $ xclock -digital To display brief $ xclock -digital -brief To make fg and bg background $ xclock -digital -bg blue -fg orange -update 1 & $ xclock -bg navy -fg orange -update 1 & regards, T.Dhanasekar

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ILUG-D June 2023