hey can any one tell me what is lost+found directory used for ??
--Naveen
----- Original Message ----- From: linuxers-request@mm.ilug-bom.org.in To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Sent: Friday, July 06, 2001 5:31 PM Subject: Linuxers digest, Vol 1 #48 - 16 msgs
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From the ILUG-BOM digest list!
Today's Topics:
- remounting a directory at a different place (Philip S Tellis)
- Recovering an unfscked disk (partly OT) (Satya)
- Re: Recovering an unfscked disk (partly OT) (Satya)
- Re: Which kernel? (Pankaj Jangid)
- [OT] Noisy hard disks (Satya)
- Re: Problems with Partition Table (Kinjal Sonpal)
- Re: Problems with Partition Table (Philip S Tellis)
- Sector 80 (Kunal Jhunjhunwala)
- Standardizing The Penguin (Kunal Jhunjhunwala)
- Re: Problems with Partition Table (Pankaj Jangid)
- RE: Certificate Server (Sameer Anja)
- Re: Suggest Good Books for Linux Admin (Kompalli SuryaPrakash)
- Re: SIOCADDRT: No such device (S. Krishnan)
- Re: Kernel Updation (S. Krishnan)
- Re: Suggest Good Books for Linux Admin (S. Krishnan)
- Kernel Updation (noel seq)
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Message: 1 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 19:27:25 +0530 (IST) From: Philip S Tellis philip.tellis@iname.com To: Linux Users linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: [ILUG-BOM] remounting a directory at a different place Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
someone had asked if it was possible to use the space from / in /usr
i found this in man mount:
Since Linux 2.4.0 it is possible to remount part of the file hierarchy somewhere else. The call is mount --bind olddir newdirmaybe that can be used
-- Treat end of file conditions in a uniform manner. - The Elements of Programming Style (Kernighan & Plaugher)
Visit my webpage at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/ Read my writings at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/writings/
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Message: 2 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 19:37:56 +0530 (IST) From: Satya satyap@satya.virtualave.net To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: [ILUG-BOM] Recovering an unfscked disk (partly OT) Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
[For those who don't know, IDE hard disks are hda=primary master, hdb=prim slave, hdc=secondary master, hdd=sec slave]
So this morning I woke up, checked my email, and... started hearing noises from hda. Ugh. fsck went nuts on the next reboot, as well as the next. All sorts of weirdness.
My dealer suspects a problem with this particular model of hard disk. IBM DTLA something... he says the platters used may be bad. Also suspects heat problem.
Now for the interesting bit. I seem to have recovered most of my Linux installation by installing RH6.1 temporarily on hdb, putting my old hda as hdd, and a new Seagate as hda. Created the partitions (somehow... egads, DOS fdisk, Linux fdisk, and Disk Druid simply do NOT play nice!), then mounted each of /, /home, and /usr (/var is on hdb and safe, and /lib is on /... I ought to separate it).
Used cp -ax to copy all the stuff from hdd to hda, on the appropriate partitions. One reboot later, everything came up... except postfix the Great Mail Server. Seems most of /etc/postfix ended up in /lost+found on the last fsck. So I hand-recovered the essentials, dumped the rest in /etc/postfix/lostfound, and restarted postfix. Voila. We're back in business.
Rest of the night will be spent in watching hda like a hawk, and rebooting hdd a few times to see if it's a transient problem.
Amazingly, hdb is a Quantum Bigfoot. I've had it for 3 years, and I've heard all sorts of bad things about it. hda I've had for < 1 year.
The name of the temporary installation? "bootstrap".
-- Satya. URL:http://satya.virtualave.net/ US-bound grad students! For pre-apps, see URL:http://quickapps.cjb.net/ Murphy was an optimist.
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Message: 3 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 19:39:51 +0530 (IST) From: Satya satyap@satya.virtualave.net To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: [ILUG-BOM] Re: Recovering an unfscked disk (partly OT) Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
On Jul 5, 2001 at 19:37, Satya wrote:
Used cp -ax to copy all the stuff from hdd to hda, on the appropriate partitions. One reboot later, everything came up... except postfix the
One odd thing -- all the new partitions appeared to be a few percent bigger than the old ones. eg., /old/usr was 1.2GB, /new/usr was
1.4GB.
Any ideas why?
-- Satya. URL:http://satya.virtualave.net/ US-bound grad students! For pre-apps, see URL:http://quickapps.cjb.net/ Sorry... my mind has a few bad sectors.
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Message: 4 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 19:37:31 +0530 (IST) From: Pankaj Jangid pankaj@yugandhar.ncst.ernet.in To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] Which kernel? Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
which kernel version i have compiled? Is there any way to find out?
uname -r
regards pankaj
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Message: 5 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 21:46:10 +0530 (IST) From: Satya satyap@satya.virtualave.net To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Cc: nukkad nukkad-list@mumbai-central.com Subject: [ILUG-BOM] [OT] Noisy hard disks Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
My new (as in, bought today) Seagate Barracuda 20GB is making high-pitched (sounds to be around 10kHz) whines now and then. Is it going to fail or something? Is this normal?
-- Satya. URL:http://satya.virtualave.net/ US-bound grad students! For pre-apps, see URL:http://quickapps.cjb.net/ Don't use a big word where a diminutive one will suffice.
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Message: 6 From: "Kinjal Sonpal" kinjalsonpal@softhome.net To: "Linuxers" linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] Problems with Partition Table Date: Fri, 6 Jul 2001 00:00:55 +0530 Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
Philip Tellis wrote :
Create your windows partition as primary, then your extentended partition. Put linux and windows second partition in your extended partition. You may want to put your boot image on the windows
partition
so that it is within the first 1024 cylinders.
If I install Linux in the extended partition, will i be able to boot using lilo or some other boot manager tool ? and i also didn't understand what did u mean by
put your boot image on the windows partition
Do u mean to say *put boot image in the second windows partittion* ?
I am planning to install Debian Distro, for which, I believe it needs around 3-4 partitions for /usr, /bin, etc. along with the regular swap and the root partitions .. So, shud I keep all these partitions as extended partitions ? Please correct me if i'm wrong somewhere as I am not fully aware of all these concepts ..
BTW, are there any good docs regarding this topic ? I'd gone thru' man page of lilo but didn't get much explanation regarding the partitions and similar things .. Thanks again for replying
Warm Regards, $ sonpal -kj
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Message: 7 Date: Fri, 6 Jul 2001 01:01:51 +0530 (IST) From: Philip S Tellis philip.tellis@iname.com To: Linuxers linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] Problems with Partition Table Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
Sometime Today, Kinjal Sonpal assembled some asciibets to say:
If I install Linux in the extended partition, will i be able to boot using lilo or some other boot manager tool ? and i also didn't understand what did u mean by
Yes.
put your boot image on the windows partition
Do u mean to say *put boot image in the second windows partittion* ?
No, on the first. Your boot image is just a file (vmlinuz or bzImage or whatever you called it). You should copy it to your windows partition, and tell lilo to find it there. You will also be able to use loadlin to boot then.
I am planning to install Debian Distro, for which, I believe it needs around 3-4 partitions for /usr, /bin, etc. along with the regular swap and the root partitions .. So, shud I keep all these partitions as extended partitions ?
Yes. Linux partitions can be anywhere. Even spread out on multiple disks (single partition on multiple disks is also possible).
BTW, are there any good docs regarding this topic ? I'd gone thru' man page of lilo but didn't get much explanation regarding the partitions and similar things ..
Possibly the linux installation howto, but I haven't seen it. The best thing you can have is the will to experiment and the will to take risks. Fear of the unknown is the biggest hindrance in such matters.
Philip
-- "Let every man teach his son, teach his daughter, that labor is
honorable."
-- Robert G. Ingersoll
Visit my webpage at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/ Read my writings at http://www.ncst.ernet.in/~philip/writings/
MSN philiptellis Yahoo! philiptellis
--__--__--
Message: 8 From: "Kunal Jhunjhunwala" kunal@getmonked.net To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Date: Fri, 6 Jul 2001 01:32:23 +0530 Subject: [ILUG-BOM] Sector 80 Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
Hi, Does anyone know what Sector 80 is, with respect to storing devices? hard disks, floppies, zip catridges, cds, etc etc? Thanx. Kunal
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Message: 9 From: "Kunal Jhunjhunwala" kunal@getmonked.net To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Date: Fri, 6 Jul 2001 02:13:26 +0530 Subject: [ILUG-BOM] Standardizing The Penguin Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
Hi, What do you guys think about these steps? I think its a great decision..
any
comments from the gurus? Kunal
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Message: 10 Date: Fri, 6 Jul 2001 08:57:01 +0530 (IST) From: Pankaj Jangid pankaj@yugandhar.ncst.ernet.in To: Linuxers linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] Problems with Partition Table Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
On Fri, 6 Jul 2001, Kinjal Sonpal wrote:
I am planning to install Debian Distro, for which, I believe it needs around 3-4 partitions for /usr, /bin, etc. along with the regular swap and the root partitions ..
In debian there is no need to create /usr /bin etc.. but it is a good idea to do that because if you plan to reinstall the system in future then you can remount existing /usr partition without formatting and format other partitions.
Regards pankaj
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Message: 11 From: "Sameer Anja" sameera@tech.globalesecure.com To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: RE: [ILUG-BOM] Certificate Server Date: Fri, 6 Jul 2001 09:19:40 +0530 Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
go to www.openca.org
They have an opensource CA.
-Sam
-----Original Message----- From: linuxers-admin@mm.ilug-bom.org.in [mailto:linuxers-admin@mm.ilug-bom.org.in]On Behalf Of S h i s h i r Sent: Thursday, July 05, 2001 11:20 AM To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: [ILUG-BOM] Certificate Server
Does any one know about a product similar to a Certificate Server, for Linux? I need to be a root CA and issue certificates to clients over a browser.
TIA, Shishir
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Richard Stallman's Public Lecture 5pm 17th July, at TIFR. Linuxers mailing list Linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in http://mm.ilug-bom.org.in/mailman/listinfo/linuxers
--__--__--
Message: 12 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 07:59:37 +0530 (IST) From: Kompalli SuryaPrakash neosurya@yahoo.com To: Linuxers linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] Suggest Good Books for Linux Admin Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
Linux System Administration :-) Can someone please suggest some good books that can help him to learn Linux System Administration faster .. (BTW, he is not a total newbie to the Linux world)
U cud suggest Linux Admin. Made Easy - Its' a good book, And an online version is also available. Try RH unleashed - downloadable from the books section of ILUG. Bye, SP --
Please NOTE: - I have changed my Email ID to neosurya@yahoo.com from ksuryap1@yahoo.com _ _ |/ |_ |_| |\ompalli _|urya| rakash
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--__--__--
Message: 13 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 21:22:50 -0700 (PDT) From: "S. Krishnan" sri_krishnan@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] SIOCADDRT: No such device To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
You'll need to run the kernel config util for this. If you're comfortable with the bash command line, chdir to /usr/src/linux, and do a "make mrproper" followed by a "make config". If you prefer a somewhat more intuitive interface, use "make menuconfig" for a ncurses based console interface, or alternatively "make xconfig" if running X.
Al these "make <choice>config" options will give you a set of choices on kernel config, which you will have to enable. Next, a "make dep", followed by "make install", "make modules" and "make modules_install" should see you through the kernel rebuild.
Look at the Kernel HOWTO, where all this is explained in excruciating detail (http://linuxdoc.org).
HTH,
Krishnan
--- Mayur Joshi joshi_mayur@hotmail.com wrote:
Dear Linuxers,
I have a newwork of 2 machines running RH 7.0 on the network 192.168.2.0.
I was trying out Heartbeat(High availibility solution for Linux) on those 2 machines. I have configured Heartbeat to listen to ip 192.168.1.x. I tried to route request to 192.168.1.x to the network of 192.168.2.0. When I restart the network I get the error:
SIOCADDRT: No such device
In the docs of Heartbeat I found that I may need to enable IP aliasing in the kernel build. They asked to check for /usr/src/linux/.config and check CONFIG_IP_ALIAS=y. Now I don't find that file in the specified path. I just want to know on RH 7.0 how will I come to know whether that option is set or not.
Best regards,
Mayur Joshi
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Message: 14 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 21:24:44 -0700 (PDT) From: "S. Krishnan" sri_krishnan@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] Kernel Updation To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
--- noel seq noelseq@hotmail.com wrote:
Hi friends,
I was able to compile a new linux kernel 2.4.4 on my office comp and booted fine. However whenever i do a linuxconf, it gives me a Broken pipe error.
Also, i could not do depmod -ae linux-2.4.4 after copying the bzImage and System.map and did just a depmod -ae
Please advise.
Don't use linuxconf, its broken.
Krishnan
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--__--__--
Message: 15 Date: Thu, 5 Jul 2001 21:30:01 -0700 (PDT) From: "S. Krishnan" sri_krishnan@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [ILUG-BOM] Suggest Good Books for Linux Admin To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
--- Philip S Tellis philip.tellis@iname.com wrote:
On Wed, 4 Jul 2001, S. Krishnan wrote:
[snip]
- "Sed and Awk" by <don't remember correctly, but
probably Arnold Robbins>
[snip]
Add to this Mastering Regular Expressions by Jeffrey E. F. Friedl.
Unfortunately, the Friedl book is a US edition and costs over $30. However, "Learning Perl" provides a good introduction to regexes, and "Programming Perl" follows up. I wanted to buy the Friedl book a couple of years ago, but was put off by the price, especially when there were enough alternative references on regexex. Actually, I've been trying to persuade Akbar of SPD/ Computer Bookshop to publish the Friedl book as an Indian edition, which he says he will if there is sufficient demand.
Don't know how any Sysadmin can get by without using regexes.
Quite.
While on the topic, I will be giving an ACM lecture on Regular Expressions on Friday 20th July at NCST. Hope this is ample advance notice.
I'll be there.
Cheers,
Krishnan
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--__--__--
Message: 16 From: "noel seq" noelseq@hotmail.com To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in Date: Fri, 06 Jul 2001 11:34:15 +0530 Subject: [ILUG-BOM] Kernel Updation Reply-To: linuxers@mm.ilug-bom.org.in
fine. However whenever i do a linuxconf, it gives me a Broken pipe error. Noel
Don't use linuxconf, its broken.
Krishnan
Is there an alternative to linuxconf / netconf ? or do i have to do everything through the scripts. Will i have to install a newer version of linuxconf ?
Thanx
Noel. _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com.
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End of Linuxers Digest
On Fri, 6 Jul 2001, Naveen wrote:
hey can any one tell me what is lost+found directory used for ??
Please please please do not include the entire digest entry in your mail.
lost+found is used to store files that were lost (through inode corruption or something) and later found by fsck.
You have to figure out what each of the files in there are for, and put them into the right place manually.
Philip
-
Naveen -
Philip S Tellis